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Aggregate Expenditures Model and Equilibrium Output Essay Examples
Monetary Theory: Money and Banking
Keynesian theory is an economic theory based on the ideas of the British economist of the 20th century, John Maynard Keynes. Keynesian theory puts more emphasis on aggregate demand and its effects on output and inflation. The theory advocates that aggregate demand is an equation...
Monetary Base vs Broad Money - What Role Commercial Banks Have in the Creation of Broad Money
Monetary base or narrow money are composed of cash outside the Bank of England and Bank’s operational deposits with the Bank of England. On the other hand, broad money or simply money supply includes cash outside banks (i.e. in circulation with the public and non-bank...
Pages: 15 (3750 words)
, Assignment
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Economical Correlations Concerning Business Cycle Instability
The government expenditure during a recession does not decline. This is due to the inertia in government budgeting and spending process instead of financial activism. Net exports are that export-import increases during the recession. Domestic firms failing to experience sufficient demand in the indigenous market...
Pages: 19 (4750 words)
, Assignment
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Economy Sinks Deeper Into Recession
The author mentions that monetary policy involves an increase in the money supply. Holding the income and therefore the demand for real money balances constant, this lowers the rate of interest. Hence, the LM curve shifts to the right as a result of the money...
Pages: 6 (1500 words)
, Term Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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What Triggers Shifts in the Aggregate Demand and the Aggregate Supply
An increase in the money supply, government spending, net exports, consumer and business optimism shifts the aggregate demand (AD) curve to the right. The AD curve shift to the left if taxes increase. A negative supply shock, wage push, rise in the expected price level...
Pages: 10 (2500 words)
, Assignment
, Macro & Microeconomics
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The Mechanism of IS-LM Model
In the Post Industrial Revolution era, the economies of many countries have experienced growth, which has resulted in the shape of economic strength and high living standards in the countries such as United States, United Kingdom and Japan. Despite the tremendous progress the economies of...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Research Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Sources of Demand Shocks in UK Market
The movement of the aggregate demand curve is directly influenced by non-financial and financial factors. The non-financial factor includes the size of the population, consumption, investment, government, and export while the financial factor is caused by money supply and financial assets.Demand shocks based on industrial...
Pages: 7 (1750 words)
, Term Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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The Supply and Demand For Money
As Milton Friedman (1975) said: “The special conditions that drove up to the price of oil and food required purchasers to spend more on them, leaving them less to spend on other items. Did that not force other prices to go down, or to rise...
Pages: 9 (2250 words)
, Essay
, Finance & Accounting
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Macroeconomics Questions
The interest rate has a direct relationship with the price level and their relationship also affects the shape of the AD curve. This is because an increased price level increases the cost of borrowing and consequently interest rates increase as the demand for borrowed money...
Pages: 7 (1750 words)
, Coursework
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Analysis of The U.S. Business Cycle
A rivalry is intense among competitors. Department stores are trying to get the attention of other rivals’ customers. Prices in department stores are unstable. Prices are under pressure for clothing and electrical goods. Then, there were consolidations. Bentalls’ four stores were acquired by Fenwick in...
Pages: 14 (3500 words)
, Assignment
, Business
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Disturbances to Equilibrium Real Exchange Rates
Third, the currency to which the board pegs may come under pressure from the output market disturbances in the reserve-currency country. An example is a pressure on the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) after German reunification to either revalue the German mark or devalue the...
Pages: 12 (3000 words)
, Term Paper
, Business
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Monetary History of the United States
In case if Federal Reserve’s action is anticipated, workers will immediately increase their expectations to the new price level. Since the workers expected an increase in money supply leading to increase in prices, they are never fooled into believing that the real wage rate has...
Pages: 7 (1750 words)
, Essay
, Macro & Microeconomics
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The Alternative Theories of the Demand for Money Can Have Very Different Implications for Our View of the Role of Money in the Economy
Keynes used the term “Liquidity Preference” by which his theory of interest is commonly known. Liquidity Preference is the desire to hold money. Keynes abandoned the classical view that velocity is constant and emphasised the importance of interest rates. He emphasized that there are three...
Pages: 20 (5000 words)
, Research Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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The Factors that Have Caused Many Countries to Remain in Poverty
A country’s economy greatly depends on government policies in place. Among these policies are trade policies as well as macroeconomic policies including exchange rate and fiscal policies. Trade policies do affect growth rates, an important reason being the chances that trade provides for a developing...
Pages: 22 (5500 words)
, Research Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Economic Conditions of a Business - Supply-Demand Aspect
The interest rate plays a part in determining the markets demand. The customers may feel the burden of higher interest rates hence reduce their purchasing power. The effect will reduce the demand for the company’s products reduced production. The firm should counter this by providing...
Pages: 6 (1500 words)
, Assignment
, Business
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Behavioral Model of Rational Choice
The bаsis of Williаmson’s аpproаch is thаt the vаriаbles in the mаnаgeriаl utility function аre enhаnced by certаin types of expenditure. In his bаsic model, he identifies three types of expenditure thаt he thinks аre pаrticulаrly relevаnt. This аre expenditure on stаff, reflecting the ideа...
Pages: 13 (3250 words)
, Case Study
, Management
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Real Business Cycle Theory and Demand Shocks Cycle
Real business cycle models are characterized by a neglect of demand shocks and highlight technological productivity shocks that are the primary source of economic fluctuations. The strong assumptions of supply-driven dynamics and demand determined influences are considered in accordance with real business cycle theory. According...
Pages: 7 (1750 words)
, Literature review
, Business
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Parental Expenditures on Children's Education
The feasibility of the problem of the study was ensured by the data received from empirical studies motivating children`s attainment. The theory of human capital was also employed in the process of data assessment. Cragg`s double-hurdled model was utilized to assess the results of the...
Pages: 7 (1750 words)
, Essay
, Psychology
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Differences Between Classical Economics And Keynesian Economics
The level of real GDP will fall below its natural level because investment expenditures will be less than the level of aggregate saving" (Wiley Publishing, 2009a). The following diagram explains this theory: In the previous diagram, the curve of Aggregate savings (S) goes up. And...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Research Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Determinants of Aggregate Demand
Aggregate demand is the total demand for goods and services of a country in a particular year. Aggregate demand is a factor of total consumption, investment, government spending, and exports (minus imports) in a given year. The aggregate demand is a very important determinant of...
Pages: 9 (2250 words)
, Term Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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The Likely Transformation of the Infrastructure of the Oil Products Market and the US Economy in Case of Falling Oil Prices
The recent fall in the price of oil will have different consequences on the quantity demanded, quantity supplied and any shortage or surplus that may occur; it depends on whether BP was operating at the equilibrium point or any other point on its demand and...
Pages: 6 (1500 words)
, Coursework
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Baumol-Tobin Model of the Transactions Demand for Money
There are a number of factors, like the number of times that the sums of money are withdrawn or borrowed. This depends upon the amount of money to be paid, T and the sum of money withdrawn each time, C. This number is equal to...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Case Study
, Finance & Accounting
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Balance of Payments and its Equilibrium
In theory, the total between the current and financial accounts is zero (Wang, 2009, p.80; Van den Berg, 2010, p.67; Snowdon and Vane, 2002, p.28). This only means that adding these two components should zero each other out. However, this is not usually met in...
Pages: 10 (2500 words)
, Literature review
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Time inconsistency
They also assumed that markets are devoid of frictions, so that any equilibrium is Pareto optimal. This facilitated matters in the sense that standard welfare theorems allowed them to find and characterize the equilibrium using optimization theory. Since equilibrium delivered the best possible outcome for...
Pages: 6 (1500 words)
, Essay
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Output-Mix Optimization Strategies in Fiat
During the 1980s, the output-mix of the company shifted to down-market as the company used the product renewal strategies that focused on the lower market products. This was mainly done in order to rescue the company from the verge of bankruptcy. In this attempt, the...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Case Study
, Management
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The Problematic Assumptions of the Neoclassical Model
The Post-Keynesians regard firms to be oligopolistic in nature, although the degree would vary from one market to another. Moreover, firms hold some degree of excess production capacity, which connotes that prices available in the market do not typically reflect market-clearing prices (Lavoie, 1992). Price, like...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Research Paper
, Business
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The Capital Assets Pricing Model
The introductory part of this paper sets the principal arguments underlying this study. The most important themes needed to be discussed have also been introduced. The remaining part of the paper will be structured as follows. Section two of the paper discusses the theoretical framework....
Pages: 12 (3000 words)
, Research Paper
, Management
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Do Multintionl Firms Hve Positive Impct on the Economic Development of Developing Ntions
The recent wаve of liberаlizаtion of trаde аnd FDI policies suggests thаt the optimistic view of multinаtionаl firms seems to be gаining the upper hаnd. One mаnifestаtion of this trend of liberаlizаtion is the proliferаtion of bilаterаl investment treаties аcross countries: there now exist 1,513...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Term Paper
, Business
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Critically evaluate the policy network model
This paper is trying to illustrate a network-of-problems as a determining factor resulting to what we call now as the policy network model.Moreover, we will be dealing on a policy model that is known to be one of the most influential models in these days...
Pages: 20 (5000 words)
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Strtegy of Economic Development
Аn importаnt point thаt emphаsizes the importаnce of firms going аbroаd wаs mаde by Hirschmаn. He аrgued thаt multiple industries аre likely to hаve а greаter linkаge effect when tаken together, compаred to simply аdding up the individuаl effects. The presence of two or more...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Essay
, Macro & Microeconomics
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River Pollution with the Definition of Coordination Failures
This paper illustrates that a state of affairs in which the inability of agents to coordinate their behavior (choice) leads to an outcome (equilibrium) that leaves all agents worse off than in an alternative situation that is also an equilibrium. In China, there is a...
Pages: 7 (1750 words)
, Essay
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Technology Acceptance Models
Technology Acceptance Model 2 has highlighted six additional factors which are: Computer Self Efficacy: It is one of the important factors that affect the use of technology in different organizational settings. Computer self-efficacy, in general, is individuals own willingness or belief that up to what...
Pages: 17 (4250 words)
, Assignment
, Information Technology
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Demand for Money and mMonetarism
In the UK, there are two ways of measuring money stock or the supply of money. These are M0 and M4. M0 is used to refer to the ‘wide monetary base’ or ‘narrow money’ while the M4 refers to ‘broad money’ or ‘the supply of...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Term Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Analysis of Dynamic AD/AS Model; Monetary Policy
Inflation targeting is basically an economic policy whereby the Central bank of the economy tries to project a targeted level of inflation and tries to drive the economy towards that level by using various monetary tools. If the prevailing rate of inflation is above the...
Pages: 7 (1750 words)
, Assignment
, Macro & Microeconomics
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The Use of Capital Asset Pricing Model at Tullow Oil
The return of a portfolio is a weighted average return of all the stocks present in our portfolio. In our case there are three shares in our portfolio, therefore, the return will be the weighted average rate of return of the three stocks. In the...
Pages: 6 (1500 words)
, Case Study
, Finance & Accounting
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Closed Economy
Interestingly, North Korea is a completely nationalized state and the state owns all the assets of the country. Moreover, the citizens do not have to pay any taxes. More importantly, it has trade relations only with countries like Iran, Russia, Syria, Vietnam, and China (Library...
Pages: 12 (3000 words)
, Essay
, Finance & Accounting
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Introductory Econometrics: a Modern Approach
(Brooks 2008, p.In illustrating the fixed effect model, Brooks (2008, p. 490) used the equation uit = ui + vit where the disturbance term uit is decomposed into the specific disturbance, ui, and “remainder disturbance”, vit, that changes over time and entities thereby supposedly capturing...
Pages: 6 (1500 words)
, Assignment
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Servqual Model in Hotel Sector
The model SERVPERF was used by Choi and Chu (to measure travelers’ perceptions of hotel attributes in Honk Kong Hotels; by Juwaheer (2004) to measure the same in Mauritius’s hotels; and by Poon et al. in Malaysian hotels. Studies have suggested that SERVPERF is a...
Pages: 4 (1000 words)
, Literature review
, Tourism
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Supply-side Policies on Economic Growth
Demand side policies are further broken down to fiscal and monetary policies. Fiscal policies are those policies that are aimed at bringing changes in the government spending or taxes collected while monetary policies aim at bringing changes to the money supply engineered by the central...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Case Study
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Cutting Expenditure on Training in a Company
Front-line workers who are involved in the running of operations in the firm should have the required technical skills and greater knowledge about the technical aspects of the job. Middle-level employees such as supervisors are involved in translating the general goals and objectives developed by...
Pages: 13 (3250 words)
, Research Paper
, Human Resources
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Diverse Source of Income and Types of Budget Expenditure at CareTech
Service delivery in health and social care sector is directly related to the costs and expenditure being incurred by the UK government. This is because the budget is allocated by the UK government in health and social care sector determines the quality of service being...
Pages: 11 (2750 words)
, Assignment
, Finance & Accounting
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Empirical Study of Income Relations
I. The econometric model(s)I. The econometric model(s)However, although we can anticipate a positive relationship, i.e., higher prices tend to be associated with higher income states, and thus such states have higher costs of living, there is nothing to ensure that the dependence will be linear....
Pages: 6 (1500 words)
, Research Paper
, Business
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Discussion on the CAPM and the APT Models
This article was published in “Portfolio Section”. For his body of work which introduced the concept of risk in portfolio selection, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics in 1990. By the 1960s, several financial economists were intrigued by the idea of a systematic...
Pages: 12 (3000 words)
, Assignment
, Macro & Microeconomics
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GDP at Current Market Prices: the Values of the Goods and Services
The land is probably the only factors of production or determinant of economic activity which is not man-made. However, it is also important to understand that land does not only include the surface area available but economists often include air, oxygen and almost all the...
Pages: 11 (2750 words)
, Research Paper
, Business
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The Nature of the Relationship Between the Variables that Determine the State of the Macroeconomic Indicators
FAn important question at this stage would be whether economic growth implies better living for the populace of the economy. However, it is not an extensive measure of a nation’s welfare. Welfare depends upon aspects like equality in the distribution of income, employment opportunities as...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Research Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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General Practice of Energy Conservation
The general practice of energy conservation in the systems underuse is to have a comprehensive policy of using only low energy demanding lights or devices. Especially in public spaces, the use of energy efficient lights or maximum use of renewable energy technologies is normally proposed....
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Essay
, Environmental Studies
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The Effect of Doubling Quantity of Money, Increase in Willingness to Work and a Fall in Propensity to Save
When labour productivity increases then the prices of goods will definitely decrease as the cost of production will be lower. For this reason, therefore, the price of goods in the economy will decrease. Therefore the increase in the willingness to work will first result in...
Pages: 6 (1500 words)
, Research Paper
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Data Envelopment Analysis and Metafrontier Approach
To determine the efficiency output-oriented results, first find out the recommended output enhancement for the inefficient player at, considering the player’s position in the pitch. In addition, the correlation between the input and the output should maintain the scale. Extending the duration of play is...
Pages: 22 (5500 words)
, Coursework
, Statistics
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The Impact of an Increase Consumption Expenditures, Investments, Disposable Income and Exports on the GDP Growth
The model is significant at 5% level of significance [F (1, 72) = 23,469.73, p<0.001]. The coefficient for disposable income is also significant [t (72) = 153.2, p<0.001]. This means that a billion dollar increase in disposable income leads to 5.55 billion dollar increase in...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Essay
, Macro & Microeconomics
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Oil Prices and Problems With Businesses and the Whole Economy
It must be highlighted that the oil industry is an oligopolistic industry, which is dominated by oil-rich nations. A maximum number of economies are directly dependent on oil imports from producing and exporting nations to fulfil their domestic oil demand by residential, commercial and industrial...
Pages: 8 (2000 words)
, Research Paper
, Business
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